快閃記憶體 (NAND Flash) 因製程技術的差異而有不同的抹寫次數(Program/erase cycle)限制。對單一區塊(block)不斷重複地寫入和抹除,會因為過度使用造成讀寫速度變慢,嚴重者甚至會損壞而產生壞塊(bad block)。
耗損平均技術 (Wear Leveling) 則能使儲存裝置中的每個NAND Flash區塊平均地被使用,避免資料僅在特定區塊做寫入及抹除而提早損壞,導致整個裝置(例如SSD、隨身碟、記憶卡等)因壞塊過多而無法使用。
控制器透過韌體的磨損均衡演算法,將寫入資料平均分配到所有區塊,可平均控制每一區塊的抹寫次數,以避免特定區塊的過度使用;讓快閃記憶體的每一區塊都能達到其耐久限制,進而延長使用壽命。
耗損平均技術的優點有:
Wear Leveling(耗損平均技術)的功用,是確保Flash顆粒中的每一個區塊能平均地被使用,避免單一區塊耗損次數過多,導致區塊損壞或資料丟失。Wear Leveling分為三種模式:
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